A chain scourges

No comment is needed for this device, which seems more a weapon of war than a torture instrument; nevertheless, appearances notwithstanding, more or less similar scourges in great variety – with two, three and even eight chains, sometimes longer, sometimes shorter, or laden with more “stars”, or supplemented by long razor-sharp steel bands were used, and to some extent still are today, for scourging the human body. Obviously a body thus treated is destroyed: unfleshed to the bones, the bones shattered.